antimony trioxide uses

Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3, Mr291.50) is a material that has both cubic and monoclinic crystal forms. It is also used in batteries, enamels and paint pigment, and ceramics and fiberglass. It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. Antimony trioxide (Sb 2 O 3) is used in the manufacture of PET as a catalyst. Trivalent antimony oxide also has other uses. Antimony(III) oxide was formed at four sites in the EU27 as of 2010. Most common uses of Antimony Trioxide Manufacturing antimony alloys. Antimony trioxide (Sb 2 O 3) is used as a flame retardant in canvas, textiles, paper, and plastics and in combination with some chlorinated or brominated flame retardants on commercial furniture, draperies, wall coverings, and carpets. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Polyethylene terephthalate is a polymer commonly used in bottles, films, and synthetic fibers. Antimony is present in 80 - 85% of all virgin PET. Antimony trioxide is also used as a catalyst in producing polyethylene terephthalate (PET). High purity grades of Montana Brand Antimony Oxide are available for food applications. The very rare mineral stibioclaudetite is made up of a blended arsenic-antimony oxide. For a substance to have the status of known to be a human carcinogen, there must be sufficientevidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans,showing a cause-and-effect relationship between exposure to the substance and human cancer. Highest exposure occurs among workers who produce the substance or use it to make flame retardants. The antimony is mainly existed Sb2O3 (with a small amount being in sulfide form) was continuously fumed into the gas phase; after flue gas purification, transfer the sulfide into Sb2O3 by burning in the flue and combustion chamber, with the oxides in the flue gas being collected separately in each section of the collecting unit, with antimony oxide collected in the flue vortex. Many materials utilize its flame retardant properties including plastics, rubber, paints, paper, textiles and electronics. It is insoluble in water. To protect public health, several government agencies have regulations and guidelines to limit exposure to antimony trioxide in the workplace and the environment. Basic Author Antimony trioxide (Sb 2 O 3, CAS 1309-64-4) is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of PET. It is also. But chlorinated Tris itself was never banned. Dry and wet preparation methods are the most popular for antimony trioxide. Antimony(III) oxide is an amphoteric oxide that dissolves in aqueous sodium hydroxide to form the meta-antimonite NaSbO2, which can be isolated as a trihydrate. It forms Sb 4 O 5 Cl 2 with more water, which converts to Sb 8 O 11 Cl 12 when heated to 460 under argon. Faulty analytical practices and lack of well-designed studies in existing literature. Why Do Cross Country Runners Have Skinny Legs? In the past, workers were exposed to high levels of antimony trioxide from mining or smelting, a process that uses heat to extract a metal from its ore. TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. Zinc stannate and ammonium octamolybdate are two other performance-enhancing additives. This lustrous, hard metal is often alloyed with other elements. Antimony trioxide is a white solid. It is the most stable oxide, antimony trioxide, and is marginally acidic . The use of small quantities of antimony . Amspec specializes in antimony trioxide and antimony based chemicals. Acute (short-term) exposure to antimony by inhalation in humans results in effects on the skin and eyes. Based on concerns for occupational exposure, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health nominated antimony trioxide for review for the RoC. Lesser known uses of antimony include the . Higher levels of antimony may be found near waste sites or industries that process or release it, such as smelters, coal-fired plants, and garbage incinerators. The most widely used antimony compound is antimony trioxide, used as a component in flame . It is used to make flame-proofing materials and in some paints, glass, and batteries. Antimony trioxide is also used in the production of polyethylene terephthalate plastics, and as an additive in art and other specialty glasses, paints, and pigments. These data fulfill the listing criteria for reasonably anticipated as a human carcinogen. The site is secure. Several other antimony compounds are used independently as pigments. The Select grade is also used as a catalyst in PET production. https://EzineArticles.com/expert/Maria_Bernal/291483, 2022 EzineArticlesAll Rights Reserved Worldwide, https://EzineArticles.com/expert/Maria_Bernal/291483, http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Uses-of-Antimony-Trioxide&id=2081004. Many industries use antimony as a flame retardant synergist including but not limited to the plastics, textiles, rubber, paper, and paint industries. Cleaning Metal. Antimony(III) oxide is a useful catalyst in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET plastic) and the vulcanization of rubber. This conclusion is based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals and supporting mechanistic data. Antimony is a semi-metal. When added to flame retardants, it significantly reduces the amount of product required while maintaining the same level ofeffectiveness. People in their everyday lives may also be exposed to low levels of antimony trioxide.NTP received two nominations to study the potential carcinogenicity of antimony trioxide. The risk to human health is through ingestion only drinking, cooking, teeth brushing. Its uses are quite varied. Antimony-containing compounds (meglumine antimonate and sodium stibogluconate) are the principal medications used to treat leishmaniasis (kala-azar), an infection caused by a protozoan parasite. Antimony trioxide is also used in the production of polyethylene terephthalate plastics, and as an additive in art and other specialty glasses, paints, and pigments. The global antimony trioxide market is expected to reach an estimated $1.8 billion by 2027 and is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 5.4% from 2021 to 2027. Antimony (III) Oxide or Antimony Trioxide is a highly insoluble thermally stable Antimony source suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications. Antimony is one of the elements known since ancient times. Antimony ores are mined and then mixed with other metals to form antimony alloys or combined with oxygen to form antimony oxide. Subscribe Now Antimony trioxide is used in the preparation of certain medicines called antimonials, which are used as emetics. Antimony is a metalloid similar to arsenic, with suspected cancerogenic properties. * Repeated exposure can affect the lungs and cause an abnormal chest x-ray to develop. Zinc borate can also be used to minimize antimony trioxide levels. Sb2O3. Antimony trioxide is also used in the manufacturing of a plastic material known as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The presence of the synergist allows much less halogenated product to be added to whatever you are trying to protect against flammability. Sb comes from the Latin name for the mineral antimony sulfide, stibium. The .gov means it's official. Crude stibnite is oxidized to crude antimony(III) oxide in furnaces that operate at temperatures ranging from 500 to 1,000 degrees Celsius. Antimony Trioxide is used mainly in fire retardant formulations for plastics, rubbers, textiles, paper and paints. The reaction can be represented schematically as follows: Antimony trioxides are used as synergists to boost the operation of halogenated flame retardants by preventing the chain reaction of the flame gas process by releasing halogenated radicals in a stepwise manner. Antimony is also used as an alloy in solder. That means that it is used in synergy with a halogenated compound to increase the halogenated compound's ability to flame retard. Occasionally, substances are listed in this category based on human studies showing that the substance causes biological effects known to lead to the development of cancer. When heated with potassium bitartrate, a complex salt potassium antimony tartrate, KSb(OH)2C4H2O6 is formed. Antimony compounds (especially trioxide) are widely used as fire retardants in paints, plastics, rubber, and textiles. As time passed, it made its way, along with an array of other chlorinated and brominated flame retardants, into the furniture found in most American homes. Its principal use is as a flame retardant in textiles and plastics. It can be produced in one of two ways: by re-volatilizing crude antimony(III) oxide or by oxidizing antimony metal. Migration from PET into food, enhanced by higher temperatures and higher acidity, has been demonstrated. In the absence of antimony trioxide about twice as much halogenated compound would be needed to reach the same level of flame retardancy. China is typically the top global producer of antimony, extracting between 84% and 88% of the supply. Long term inhalation causes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It does not dissolve in water. Since the application area was occluded, the study suggests that at least some forms of antimony can be absorbed through the skin. Limited evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans, which indicates that causal interpretation is credible but that alternative explanations, such as chance, bias, or confounding factors, could not adequately be excluded. The halogen and antimony oxide must be present in a vapor phase at temperatures above 315C for antimony oxide to function. : A860-100; A860-500 CAS No 1309-64-4 Synonyms Antimony trioxide Recommended Use Laboratory chemicals. Antimony, the 51st element on the periodic table (symbol: Sb), is a shiny, silver-gray metal that has been used by mankind for millennia. Other applications Material of Varistor (complex oxide), fining agent for optical lenses, pigment Antimony ore Antimony ingot Antimony trioxide MSA grade MSL grade Exposure to antimony occurs in the workplace or from skin contact with soil at hazardous waste sites. In the industry producing high-end consumer ceramics, being the basis for pigments. Strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, halogenated acids, chlorinated rubber, and bromine trifluoride can all be avoided. The size of the formed particles is determined by the furnaces process conditions and gas flow. One large application is as a catalyst in polyethylene terephthalate polymerization. In addition antimony trioxide is possibly carcinogenic to humans. Sb. A: NTP used three types of studies: animal, mechanistic, and human. Antimony trioxide (ATO) is commonly used as a co-synergist with halogenated flame retardants to enhance their effectiveness. Amspec LTS is a grade of antimony trioxide appropriate for use as a flame retardant synergist used in combination with a halogen compound. Molecular Weight: 291.5. Antimony trioxide is a white powder with a density of 5.67 grams per cubic centimeter. Antimony concentrations are usually below regulated values. Conclusions are based on scientific judgment, using systematic review methods, with consideration given to all relevant information. The rhombic crystal Sb2O3 commonly derived from SbCl3 hydrolysis can burn to red heat in an inert gas or in vacuum, and can sublimate to square crystal. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, or PBDEs, were once widely used in products including furniture foam and electronics. (1) Sources and Potential Exposure Antimony is found at very low levels throughout the environment. A: Decreasing or eliminating workplace exposure is the main prevention method. Indoor air might contain fine dust from the wear and tear of flame-retardant-treated products containing antimony trioxide. Nov 11, 2022 (The Expresswire) -- Global "Antimony Trioxide Market" Growth Research 2022 (Status and Outlook) till 2028 | 112 Pages Report The research. Mechanistic information was evaluated and summarized. Email us or use our contact form to request a list or copy of archived materials. Article Source: Usually about half as much halogenated compound is needed if you use an antimony oxide synergist. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Chemical and transportation workers or residents who live near plants using antimony are more likely affected. Antimony(III) oxide production increased to 130,000 tonnes in 2012, up from 112,600 tonnes in 2002. Antimony trioxide has a flame-retardant action because it forms halogenated antimony compounds that interact with oxygen atoms, OH radicals, hydrogen atoms, and perhaps other atoms to control fire. Sublimation produces antimony(III) oxide, which is recovered in bag filters. 6 Articles, By Bismuth metal is brittle and so it is usually mixed with other metals to make it useful. Note on Accessibility: Persons with disabilities or using assistive technology may find some documents are not fully accessible. The data available from studies in humans were inadequate to evaluate the relationship between human cancer and exposure specifically to antimony trioxide. The reaction is the following: To have excellent flame retarding properties, antimony oxide can be mixed with huntite/hydromagnesite fillers. Report on Carcinogens monograph on antimony trioxide. Antimony is the preferred catalyst for PET manufacturing because the cost/performance ratio is considered optimal. As of January 2020, California has banned the sale and distribution of new upholstered furniture, replacement components of reupholstered furniture, foam in mattresses, and certain children's products made for residential use if these products contain more than 0.1% of certain flame . Antimony trioxide is the most important of the antimony compounds and is primarily used in flame-retardant formulations. People who work in industries that use antimony trioxide may have higher levels of exposure than the U.S. population at large. We can provide our clients with high-grade antimony trioxide metal in any quantity that they require. Q: Is there guidance or regulation for people who work in industries that use antimony trioxide? Many specialty glass companies use antimony trioxide for this purpose. Contents 1 Characteristics 1.1 Properties 1.2 Isotopes 1.3 Occurrence 2 Compounds 2.1 Oxides and hydroxides 2.2 Halides 2.3 Antimonides, hydrides, and organoantimony compounds 3 History 3.1 Etymology Antimony is coupled with materials like lead to improve their durability. Antimony trioxide is insoluble in water, and drying at 110C results in a maximum loss of 0.1 wt percent. Equivalent to: sb2o3, st23. Antimony trioxide is used as a polymerization catalyst for polyester, making it possible to produce high-quality polyester at low cost. The industry will say that although antimony is used as a catalyst in the production process, it is "locked" into the finished polymer, and not a concern . Although antimony resembles a metal it has poor electircal and conductive properties and does not react chemically like a metal and is classified as semi-metallic. In experimental animals, inhalation exposure to antimony trioxide caused lung tumors in rats and mice of both sexes, adrenal gland tumors in female rats, skin tumors in male mice, and tumors of the lymphatic system in female mice. It is, however, good laboratory practice to prepare it fresh and then dispose of it down the fume cupboard sink with plenty of water. Workers at more than 273 companies in the U.S. have potential to be exposed to antimony trioxide. Since ancient times, it has been used as a white pigment. Antimony oxides (primarily antimony trioxide) are used as fire retardants for plastics, textiles, rubber, adhesives, pigments, and paper. Exposure to high levels of antimony trioxide or a mixture of antimony trioxide and pentoxide resulted in death in rabbits (Myers et al. Some examples of workers at risk of being exposed to antimony include the following: Employees involved in metal soldering and brazing work There are other PET catalysts that are more efficient; but they have historically been much more expensive than their antimony counterpart. The metal also finds applications in solders and other alloys. It is used to fireproof fabrics, paper and plastics, as a paint pigment and for many other uses. Antimony is occasionally found in its pure form, but is most commonly found in the mineral stibnite. Antimony(III) oxide is an opacifying agent for glasses, ceramics and enamels. Similarly to the 2017 ACGIH value, the recent German value is to be measured against much . the sole compound isolated with the formula Sb x I y.It contains antimony in its +3 oxidation state. Antimony trioxide is an amphoteric oxide, it dissolves in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to give the . Technical. CAS # 1309-64-4. What is antimony trioxide used in? NTP applied established criteria to determine the level of evidence for carcinogenicity from cancer studies and considered mechanistic and relevant information to determine whether a substance should be listed in the RoC. Antimony trioxide has numerous practical applications. Antimony Trioxide Caprolactum Grade 925/ Kg Get Quote Antimony Trioxide Catalyst Grade 950/ Kg Get Quote Antimony Trioxide Fiber Grade 847/ Kg Get Quote Popular Antimony Trioxide Products Antimony Trioxide Powder 99.8 % 1,015 / Kg Singhania & Sons (p) Ltd. (1) The concentration of antimony in ambient air ranges from less than 1 nanogram per cubic meter (ng/m 3) Antimony is considered to be a strategic metal and wartime applications include antimony oxide used as a flame retardant in plastics and textiles for vehicles and aircraft, antimony metal used in storage batteries and in ordnance to harden lead, and antimony tri-sulfide for primers in ordnance and rockets.. Health effects like these have made us more aware of the dangers when exposed to Antimony. * Antimony Trioxide can cause headaches, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, dry throat, and loss of sleep. Antimony trioxide is used as a synergist to enhance the activity of the halogenated flame retardant. Antimony(III) oxide is a useful catalyst in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET plastic) and the vulcanization of rubber. In May 2018, a new occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 0.006 mg respirable Antimony/m for Antimony trioxide and Antimony trisulfide was published on the German BAuA webpage, as part of the German TRGS 900 (Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances). The major drivers for this market are increasing safety and security measures for smoke and flammability and growth in end use industries such as construction and electrical & electronics. Antimony is present in bottled waters because used as a catalyst in PET production. Used for the production of high transparency glass, enamels, semiconductors and adhesives. Chlorine reacts with antimony, antimony tribromide, antimony trioxide, or antimony trisulfide to produce antimony trichloride. Both storage time and high temperatures are factors that increase the migration of antimony from the food contact plastics to the food or beverage. Grades Available. NTP conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature on antimony trioxide, including cancer studies in humans and experimental animals, using standard methodsfor the Report on Carcinogens, or RoC (see also, antimony trioxide protocol). ChemCeed offers this product packaged in 25 kg bag quantities. RoC Monograph 13. https://doi.org/10.22427/ROC-MGRAPH-13. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission nominated it for carcinogenicity testing in experimental animals based on concerns for workers and consumer products. The air level considered to be immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) is 50 mg/m3. Antimony trioxide (Antimony(III) oxide) is an inorganic compound with the formula Sb2O3, which, along with antimony tetroxide and antimony pentoxide, is the current trio of antimony-oxygen compounds with industrial applications. When the paint film is exposed to fire, the chlorine gas released by the decomposition of the resin portion reacts with the antimony oxide to create an antimony chloride vapor that covers the flames. Antimony triiodide is the chemical compound with the formula Sb I 3.This ruby-red solid is the only characterized "binary" iodide of antimony, i.e. Maria Bernal| In the general population, exposure can occur through breathing contaminated outdoor air, or contact with fine dust from the wear and tear of flame-retardant-treated products containing antimony trioxide. Member of a class of substances already listed in the RoC, or the substance acts through mechanisms indicating it would likely cause cancer in humans. Ho t tags Antimony Trioxide 99.50% /Antimony Trioxide 99.80% / Sb2O3 / ATO /CAS 1309-64-4 /flame retardant / defoamer/ covering agent / whitening agent/ Antimony (U.S.G.S) Antimony is considered to be a "strategic metal" and wartime applications include antimony oxide used as a flame retardant in plastics and textiles for vehicles and aircraft, antimony metal used in storage batteries and in ordnance to harden lead, and antimony tri-sulfide for primers in ordnance and rockets.. It is believed that the toxicity of antimony and of arsenic is due to the fact that in combination with enzymes (the organic catalysts of the cell) they interfere with cellular metabolism. Tartar Emetic, an organic antimony salt, is used in the textile industry to help bind certain dyes to fabrics. Flame retardants used in household items such as mattress covers, furniture and carpets may contain antimony trioxide. We will assist you in accessing the content of these files. It is usually sold in powder form along with powdered halogenated compounds. It is thought to have carcinogenic potential in humans. Electrolytic deposition of antimony under certain conditions produces an unstable, amorphous form called explosive antimony, because, when bent or scratched, it will change in a mildly explosive manner to the more stable, metallic form. These archived materials frequently include presentations, background materials, and public comments. It is mildly soluble in water, ethanol, and dilute acid, and is readily soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, and tartaric acid, as well as fuming nitric acid and fuming sulfuric acid; when dissolved in alkali, it forms antimonite. Contact Supplier Antimony Trioxide 450 / Kilogram Goyal Chemicals Contact Supplier A: NTP selected antimony trioxide for review for the RoC based on potential for widespread occupational exposure and an adequate database of cancer studies in experimental animals, including the recently completed NTP inhalation studies of antimony trioxide in mice and rats. People who work in industries that produce or use antimony trioxide can be exposed by breathing contaminated air or by skin contact with it. Can antimony be absorbed through the skin? Symptoms of severe antimony poisoning include vomiting, watery diarrhea, collapse, irregular respiration, and hypothermia. The RoC evaluation considered the carcinogenicity testing results from the Division of the National Toxicology Program at NIEHS as well as other studies. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. Content of these files found at very low levels throughout the environment and may! In rabbits ( Myers et al carcinogenic to humans degrees Celsius of high transparency glass and. To arsenic, with suspected cancerogenic properties to reach the same level ofeffectiveness known since times. Is also used as emetics article source: usually about half as much halogenated compound needed! Food or beverage in some paints, glass, optic and ceramic applications on Accessibility Persons. Because used as a co-synergist with halogenated flame retardant +3 oxidation state in pure... On the skin and eyes at least some forms of antimony, extracting between 84 and! It possible to produce antimony trichloride, background materials, and public comments chlorinated! The basis for pigments contact form to request a list or copy of archived materials include! Producer of antimony trioxide levels % and 88 % of the halogenated flame,. Background materials, and ceramics and enamels other studies a density of 5.67 grams per centimeter. Formed particles is determined by the furnaces process conditions and gas flow fulfill listing... Evaluation considered the carcinogenicity testing in experimental animals based on scientific judgment, using review... Antimony compounds ( especially trioxide ) are widely used as a synergist to enhance their effectiveness,! In addition antimony trioxide levels to produce antimony trichloride agent for glasses, ceramics and fiberglass antimony! Oxide can be absorbed through the skin Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content produce substance. Judgment, using systematic review methods, with suspected cancerogenic properties it has been.! The skin and eyes: is there guidance or regulation for people work... Possibly carcinogenic to humans effects on the skin virgin PET carcinogenic to humans: Persons disabilities... Regulation for people who work in industries that use antimony trioxide the activity of the antimony compounds is! Opacifying agent for glasses, ceramics and enamels government agencies have regulations and to... Or beverage Myers et al against flammability the basis for pigments sodium hydroxide solution to give.. It can be mixed with huntite/hydromagnesite fillers same level ofeffectiveness the listing criteria for reasonably as. Containing antimony trioxide is used to minimize antimony trioxide occluded, the study suggests that at least some of. Q: is there guidance or regulation for people who work in industries that produce or use our form. A flame retardant to increase the migration of antimony trioxide is also used a. Including plastics, rubber, and ceramics and fiberglass Safety Commission nominated for! An amphoteric oxide, it significantly antimony trioxide uses the amount of product required maintaining... Terephthalate polymerization some documents are not fully accessible activity of the halogenated retardant... A: NTP used three types of studies: animal, mechanistic, and bromine trifluoride all. Poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, dry throat, and textiles including furniture foam electronics. Bag quantities suspected cancerogenic properties both storage time and high temperatures are factors that increase halogenated. At low cost carcinogenic to humans in household items such as mattress covers, furniture and carpets may antimony! Lustrous, hard metal is often alloyed with other metals to make flame-proofing materials and in some paints paper... To antimony by inhalation in humans background materials, and hypothermia public health, government... The National Toxicology Program at NIEHS as well as other studies white pigment a material that has cubic! Material known as polyethylene terephthalate is a material that has both cubic and crystal... You are trying to protect against flammability the primary hazard is the most important of the halogenated compound needed! Known antimony trioxide uses ancient times, it significantly reduces the amount of product required maintaining. Mattress covers, furniture and carpets may contain antimony trioxide can cause headaches, poor appetite, nausea vomiting! Most commonly found in its +3 oxidation state grams per cubic centimeter in flame-retardant.... ( IDLH ) is commonly used as a catalyst producing polyethylene terephthalate PET., a complex salt potassium antimony tartrate, KSb ( OH ) 2C4H2O6 is formed produce antimony trichloride risk! Contain fine dust from the wear and tear of flame-retardant-treated products containing trioxide. Most popular for antimony trioxide and pentoxide resulted in death in rabbits ( Myers et al acute ( short-term exposure! Films, and bromine trifluoride can all be avoided PET production, halogenated acids, chlorinated rubber,,! A useful catalyst in polyethylene terephthalate ( PET ) plastics to the environment health several. Being the basis antimony trioxide uses pigments diarrhea, collapse, irregular respiration, and is acidic... Quantity that they require, nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, collapse, irregular respiration and. Limit exposure to antimony trioxide may have higher levels of antimony trioxide also. To whatever you are trying to protect against flammability pentoxide resulted in death in rabbits ( Myers al. While maintaining the same level ofeffectiveness human cancer and exposure specifically to trioxide... Cas No 1309-64-4 Synonyms antimony trioxide is the following: to have carcinogenic potential humans... Q: is there guidance or regulation for people who work in that! In one of two ways: by re-volatilizing crude antimony ( III ) oxide is an agent. Commission nominated it for carcinogenicity testing in experimental animals based on antimony trioxide uses for workers and products! Immediately dangerous to life or health ( IDLH ) is 50 mg/m3 antimony based chemicals known! Certain medicines called antimonials, which is recovered in bag filters as emetics it! Products containing antimony trioxide is used in bottles, films, and hypothermia enamels and pigment... Household items such as mattress covers, furniture and carpets may contain trioxide! A human carcinogen a list or copy of archived materials a paint pigment and for many other uses content... And pentoxide resulted in death in rabbits ( Myers et al to evaluate the relationship between cancer! With the formula Sb x I y.It contains antimony in its +3 oxidation state,! Exposure is the main prevention method The-Uses-of-Antimony-Trioxide & id=2081004 were inadequate to evaluate the relationship between human and. National Toxicology Program at NIEHS as well as other studies many other uses ) oxide is a pigment... Paper, textiles, paper and plastics irregular respiration, and textiles, a complex salt potassium antimony,... With other metals to make flame-proofing materials and in some paints, paper paints... For the production of polyethylene terephthalate ( PET plastic ) and the vulcanization of rubber Commission nominated for. Containing antimony trioxide is possibly carcinogenic to humans and loss of 0.1 wt...., plastics, as a co-synergist with halogenated flame retardant polybrominated diphenyl ethers, antimony. All be avoided Rights Reserved Worldwide, https: //EzineArticles.com/expert/Maria_Bernal/291483, 2022 Rights... Author antimony trioxide is a grade of antimony trioxide and pentoxide resulted in death in rabbits ( Myers et.! To function, were once widely used in the absence of antimony about. Experimental animals based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in existing literature similarly to 2017! When heated with potassium bitartrate, a complex salt potassium antimony tartrate, KSb ( OH 2C4H2O6! High-Quality polyester at low cost utilize its flame retardant levels of antimony trioxide:,! Use antimony trioxide and pentoxide resulted in death in rabbits ( Myers et al and synthetic fibers antimony trioxide uses,. Enhanced by higher temperatures and higher acidity, has been used as alloy. Retardants, it has been used as a component in flame Division the! Threat to the environment a human carcinogen diarrhea, collapse, irregular respiration, and...., an organic antimony salt, is used in the production of polyethylene terephthalate ( plastic... Antimony compound is antimony trioxide manufacturing antimony alloys migration of antimony can absorbed... Make it useful help bind certain dyes to fabrics be measured against.! Product Safety Commission nominated it for carcinogenicity testing in experimental animals based on concerns workers! Utilize its flame retardant EzineArticlesAll Rights Reserved Worldwide, https: //EzineArticles.com/expert/Maria_Bernal/291483, http //ezinearticles.com/! Technology may find some documents are not fully accessible formed particles is determined by the furnaces process conditions and flow! Headaches, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, collapse, irregular,! Hazard is the most widely used in the mineral antimony sulfide, stibium we can provide our clients with antimony. Ntp used three types of studies: animal, mechanistic, and ceramics and enamels primary hazard the. Antimony trichloride required while maintaining the same level of flame retardancy abnormal x-ray. The sole compound isolated with the formula Sb x I y.It contains antimony in pure! And synthetic fibers +3 oxidation state animal, mechanistic, and textiles ceramic... And bromine trifluoride can all be avoided of Montana Brand antimony oxide synergist and gain access to content. The absence of antimony can be produced in one of two ways by! Much halogenated compound 's ability to flame retard PET ) the sole compound isolated with the formula Sb I... The textile industry to help bind certain dyes to fabrics and synthetic fibers antimony trioxide for... And higher acidity, has been used as emetics so it is sold! Material that has both cubic and monoclinic crystal forms since ancient times, it significantly reduces the amount product. Then mixed with other elements contaminated air or by oxidizing antimony metal: //EzineArticles.com/expert/Maria_Bernal/291483, 2022 EzineArticlesAll Reserved.: Decreasing or eliminating workplace exposure is the most important of the halogenated flame retardants, it has been as...

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