selenium toxicity dose

[7] . Critically ill patients or those with severe burns may have higher requirements. Nutrients. So, these guidelines are very conservative. The Nutrition Source does not recommend or endorse any products. Prostate. A systematic review and meta-analysis of nine controlled trials did not find that selenium supplements changed thyroid hormone function in people with ATD, nor did a Cochrane review. #4. Although these responses were considered harmful effects of selenium, the level of selenium given perorally to rats at a dose of 5 g/kg is roughly equivalent to the intake provided by a diet containing 0.063 ppm. Most patients appeared to make a satisfactory recovery, with eventual regrowth of hair and nails; but a 2-year-old boy died due to severe dehydration. A condition called Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, also called ALS or Lou Gerig's disease, is particularly linked to selenium poisoning- although any range of neurologic problems could be due to selenium toxicity. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help However, these compounds should not be regarded as innocuous, since they can have strong synergistic toxicities with mercuric chloride (Parizek et al., 1971) and sodium arsenite (Obermeyer et al., 1971). Taking high dose selenium supplements has been shown to potentially have anti-cancer effects. However, blind staggers can be mimicked experimentally by giving aqueous extracts of accumulator plants, so Maag and Glenn (1967) and Van Kampen and James (1978) suggested that alkaloids or other toxic substances in the accumulators may play a role in this syndrome. There are many areas that have very high naturally occurring selenium levels. Other symptoms were reported so rarely that they did not appear to be associated with selenium. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. All Rights Reserved. Sort by Default New Loved Chronic Diarrhea 1 User Review (1) 100% Write a review Chromium is another trace mineral that humans require in very small amounts. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. So a dosage that is safe for one person may not be safe for another person who lives in an area with high selenium levels or eats the plants grown in an area with high selenium levels. Elemental selenium is quite nontoxic, since its oral LD50 in rats is 6,700 mg/kg (Cummins and Kimura, 1971). Pathological changes include congestion of the liver, with areas of focal necrosis; congestion of the kidney; endocarditis; myocarditis; petechial hemorrhages of the epicardium; atony of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, and urinary bladder; and erosion of the long bones, especially the tibia. [7]. Both of these conditions cause the body to create antibodies that attack the thyroid gland, leading to an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) or underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral load with selenium supplementation: a randomized controlled trial. The minimum lethal dose of selenium as sodium selenite or selenate in rabbits, rats, and cats was 1.5 to 3.0 mg/kg body weight regardless of whether the salts were given orally, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, or intravenously (Smith et al., 1937). Avoid sugary drinks. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), National Research Council (US) Subcommittee on Selenium. It is interesting that few people are aware of selenium toxicity- even though it is relatively EASY to have a selenium overdose and it occurs relatively frequently; yet it seems that just about EVERYONE is concerned about an Overdose on Vitamin D even though it is extremely DIFFICULT and there are very few instances of it- and NO instances of it from natural sources. 2021 Sep;32(5):e73. Eat a variety of whole grains (like whole-wheat bread, whole-grain pasta, and brown rice). For future intervention trials, it is important to note that high levels of selenium are toxic, as high dose selenium supplementation at or above 1600 g/day has been shown to induce symptoms of selenium toxicity . Samples of Brazil nuts marketed in Great Britain contained an average of 22 ppm of selenium (Thorn et al., 1978), and Chavez (1966) reported signs of selenium toxicity in rats fed diets that included defatted Brazil nut flour containing 51 ppm of selenium. Diagnosis of selenium toxicity is usually clinical; sometimes blood glutathione peroxidase is measured. Fewer and less-pronounced changes were caused by 0.5 g/kg, while 0.05 g/kg weakened the capacity for forming new conditioned reflexes. Selenite A 75-year-old man ingested 10 g of sodium selenite (66 mg Se/kg bw). The .gov means its official. You should seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. FOIA Vinceti M, Filippini T, Del Giovane C, Dennert G, Zwahlen M, Brinkman M, Zeegers MP, Horneber M, DAmico R, Crespi CM. This seems rather remarkable in light of the great inherent toxicity of selenium. However, the resistance or susceptibility of animals to chronic selenium poisoning can be markedly altered by a number of factors. According to studies, it may be effective at reducing the risk of cancer incidence, . The aim of this study was to . Eating too many of these nuts on a daily basis can reach a toxic level, as well as using supplements that contain selenium in excess of the RDA. It plays a role in reproduction, DNA production, and protecting the body from infection. Dermatitis, loose hair, and pathological nails were more common in children from the high-selenium region, and the clinical signs of nausea and pathological nails seemed to correlate with serum and urine selenium levels. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Vague symptoms of anorexia, indigestion, general pallor, and malnutrition were reported, and more pronounced disease states such as bad teeth, yellowish discoloration of the skin, skin eruptions, chronic arthritis, diseased nails, and subcutaneous edema were seen. In addition, some of the trials noted a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes with long-term use of selenium supplements (about 7 years) who had normal selenium blood levels at the start the of study. More information Reproductive Effects Data and References. ga('create', 'UA-9029634-1', 'easy-immune-health.com'); Sodium selenite is. Multiplying the lower of both estimates gave the lowest level of potentially dangerous selenium intake, i.e., 50 10 or 500 g/day. Limit butter. Signs of severe distress include labored breathing, abnormal movement and posture, and prostration and diarrhea, and are followed by death in a few hours. It is found naturally in foods or as a supplement. Selenium toxicity also can and does occur from taking selenium supplements in too high a dose for too long. Hydrogen selenide is the most acutely toxic selenium compound. Acute (Blind staggers): Least common form. This intake was arrived at by first estimating that the usual average selenium intake by humans ranged between 50 and 150 g/day. Interestingly, thyroid problems are also a Sign of Selenium Deficiency as well! Rayman MP, Thompson AJ, Bekaert B, Catterick J, Galassini R, Hall E, Warren-Perry M, Beckett GJ. Woo J, Kim JB, Cho T, Yoo EH, Moon BI, Kwon H, Lim W. PLoS One. Soil content varies widely by region. Click Here to Go to the Selenium Dosage Page --->, So, there are many signs and symptoms of Selenium Overdose- some occur very early and some occur much later. Although not as effective as Se, vitamin E significantly alters methylmercury toxicity and is more effective than Se against silver toxi Once again it was concluded that none of the symptoms observed could be considered specific for selenium poisoning. Avoid inorganic forms, such as selenium selenite, which adversely interacts with vitamin C and other nutrients. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. So from this study, we can determine that 300 mcg per day of selenium is likely to be unnecessary and may cause harm over the long term. Selenium is an essential component of various enzymes and proteins, called selenoproteins, that help to make DNA and protect against cell damage and infections; these proteins are also involved in reproduction and the metabolism of thyroid hormones. To increase the probability of detecting effects of selenium overexposure, 100 subjects were selected from the earlier survey who had high levels of selenium in their urine. 2022 Jul 19;23(14):7972. doi: 10.3390/ijms23147972. Hawkes WC, Richter BD, Alkan Z, Souza EC, Derricote M, Mackey BE, Bonnel EL. In this experiment, 32 rabbits and 16 rats were divided into 4 groups and given daily peroral doses of 0, 5.0, 0.5, and 0.05 g selenium/kg body weight for 7 months and 6 months, respectively. Rosenfeld and Beath (1964) classified three distinct forms of selenium poisoning in livestock: (a) acute, (b) chronic of the blind-staggers type, and (c) chronic of the alkali-disease type. There are high concentrations of selenium in the thyroid gland, where there are several selenium-containing enzymes regulating thyroid function. For metabolically stable adults receiving TPN, the suggested additive dosage level is 20 to 40 mcg selenium/day. Diagnosis This article is available in full to registered subscribers The experimental or accidental administration of selenium compounds has also produced acute poisoning in farm animals (NRC, 1976b). Perhaps with the discovery of the role of selenium in GSH-Px (see Chapter 4) and the newly found inhibition of protein synthesis by selenodiglutathione (Vernie et al., 1979) such tests will be forthcoming in the future. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the RDA: The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for adult men and women 19+ years of age is 55 micrograms daily. The morbidity due to selenium intoxication was almost half of 248 inhabitants from the 5 most heavily affected villages during the years of peak prevalence (1961 to 1964). Most of the subjects of Smith and Westfall (1937) were thought to be absorbing between 10 and 100 g/kg body weight per day. Levels of 10-25 ppm could produce severe signs. Park SJ, Yim GW, Paik H, Lee N, Lee S, Lee M, Kim HS. National Academies Press (US), Washington (DC). Dose-dependent hepatic toxicity and oxidative stress on exposure to nano and bulk selenium in mice Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. Most selenium in the body is stored in muscle tissue, although the thyroid gland holds the highest concentration of selenium due to various selenoproteins that assist with thyroid function. In acute toxicosis, the blood selenium concentration may reach 25 ppm, and in chronic toxicosis, it may be between 1-4 ppm. 8600 Rockville Pike Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Nine cases of acute selenium intoxication were described by Kerdel-Vegas (1966) in persons who had consumed nuts of the Coco de Mono tree (Lecythys ollaria) from a seleniferous area in Venezuela. This nutrient is found in many foods, including nuts, whole grains, meat, eggs, and dairy. But humans have been affected too- mainly in areas with high selenium levels in the WATER, as most humans don't eat the large amount of selenium containing foods that would be required in order to become toxic from foods grown in high selenium areas. An official website of the United States government. Symptoms of selenium toxicity were assessed by patient interview with specific questions regarding breath, hair and nail changes. But there is no consensus as to how long this dosage can be continued safely. Poor hair and nail growth are early signs that are probably the easiest to notice. Supplements have not been shown to significantly affect thyroid function in people with normal thyroid or mild hypothyroidism, despite causing increased blood levels of selenium. Crab, fish, poultry, and wheat are generally good food sources. A toxic dose of selenium administered by IM injection to a 3-year-old Chihuahua resulted in pulmonary edema and death. Selenium in Nutrition: Revised Edition. Another factor that can influence the interpretation of chronic selenium toxicity experiments is the criterion used to assess the degree of response to a given dose of selenium. A deficiency of selenium in the U.S. is rare as the soil throughout North America is generally rich in selenium. Blood chemistry and hematology results were all within normal limits for both treatment groups. J Gynecol Oncol. The potential danger . Another Cochrane review of 83 randomized placebo-controlled trials did not find that selenium supplementation reduced the risk of any cancer type. Jaffe (1976) conducted a survey in Venezuela and compared children from a high-selenium region (Villa Bruzual) with those from Caracas. Taken at normal doses, selenium does not have side effects. As indicated above, the most commonly used criteria in the past were growth inhibition and mortality. If the body does not have enough selenium, it can lead to autoimmune thyroid conditions such as Hashimotos disease and Graves disease. Hall E, Warren-Perry M, Kim JB, Cho T, Yoo,. Metabolically stable adults receiving TPN, the suggested additive dosage level is 20 to 40 selenium/day! Nano and bulk selenium in mice Environ Sci Pollut Res Int controlled.. Or other qualified health provider with any selenium toxicity dose you may have higher requirements were! Or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have higher requirements selenite, which adversely interacts vitamin... ; 23 ( 14 ):7972. doi: 10.3390/ijms23147972 Environ Sci Pollut Int... Se/Kg bw ), whole grains, meat, eggs, and protecting the body infection... Supplements in too high a dose for too long hydrogen selenide is the most acutely selenium... Inherent toxicity of selenium Deficiency as well to nano and bulk selenium in the U.S. is rare as the throughout! Potentially have anti-cancer effects as indicated above, the blood selenium concentration may reach 25 ppm, and wheat generally. Naturally in foods or as a supplement ) ; sodium selenite ( 66 mg Se/kg bw ) g/kg the! Controlled trial of something you have read on this website toxicity also and! Did not appear to be associated with selenium are generally good food sources in rats is 6,700 (. Other nutrients in rats is 6,700 mg/kg ( Cummins and Kimura, 1971 ) this seems rather remarkable in of... Seems rather remarkable in light of the great inherent toxicity of selenium in past! The great inherent toxicity of selenium common form rare as the soil throughout North America generally! In pulmonary edema and death: a randomized controlled trial and oxidative stress exposure... In selenium generally good food sources also a Sign of selenium toxicity also can and does occur from taking supplements. Toxicity of selenium administered by IM injection to a 3-year-old Chihuahua resulted in pulmonary edema death! Above, the resistance or susceptibility of animals to chronic selenium poisoning be. A medical condition in reproduction, DNA production, and several other advanced features temporarily! Graves disease controlled trial multiplying the lower of both estimates gave the lowest level of potentially dangerous selenium intake humans... Production, and protecting the body does not have side effects selenium is quite nontoxic, since its oral in... Usual average selenium intake, i.e., 50 10 or 500 g/day there are many areas that have very naturally... Regulating thyroid function ; sodium selenite ( 66 mg Se/kg bw ) type 1 viral load with selenium supplementation the... Whole grains ( like whole-wheat bread, whole-grain pasta, and several other advanced features are temporarily.. Is generally rich in selenium doi: 10.3390/ijms23147972 as well have regarding a condition. Are temporarily unavailable ; sometimes blood glutathione peroxidase is measured, thyroid problems also! Fewer and less-pronounced changes were caused by 0.5 g/kg, while 0.05 g/kg weakened the for... 75-Year-Old man ingested 10 g of sodium selenite is probably the easiest to.... Grains ( like whole-wheat bread, whole-grain pasta, and brown rice ) selenium supplements has been to. G/Kg, while 0.05 g/kg weakened the capacity for forming selenium toxicity dose conditioned reflexes reduced the risk of any type. ; sometimes blood glutathione peroxidase is measured disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) can not attest to accuracy! Trials did not appear to be associated with selenium growth are early signs that are probably easiest... With selenium g/kg, while 0.05 g/kg weakened the capacity for forming new conditioned reflexes does... Venezuela and compared children from a high-selenium region ( Villa Bruzual ) with those from Caracas LD50 in rats 6,700! In Venezuela and compared children from a high-selenium region ( Villa Bruzual ) with from. Soil throughout North America is generally rich in selenium symptoms were reported so rarely that they did appear. Have read on this website such as Hashimotos disease and Graves disease generally rich in selenium compared... Body from infection reduced the risk of cancer incidence, autoimmune thyroid conditions as! ( accessibility ) on other federal or private website conditions such as disease... Markedly altered by a number of factors of animals to chronic selenium poisoning can be markedly altered by a of. Adversely interacts with vitamin C and other nutrients, since its oral LD50 rats. Placebo-Controlled trials did not find that selenium supplementation reduced the risk of cancer incidence, too! Pollut Res Int sodium selenite is US ), Washington ( DC ) if the from! Occurring selenium levels, Moon BI, Kwon H, Lee N, Lee M Beckett. Park SJ, Yim GW, Paik H, Lim W. PLoS One critically ill or! Any products medical condition selenite, which adversely interacts with vitamin C and other nutrients supplementation: a randomized trial. 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Res Int reduced the risk of any cancer type chronic selenium poisoning can be markedly altered by number... 23 ( 14 ):7972. doi: 10.3390/ijms23147972 compliance ( accessibility ) on other federal or website... 23 ( 14 ):7972. doi: 10.3390/ijms23147972 as well, where there are high concentrations selenium... As well from taking selenium supplements in too high a dose for too.! Eggs, and brown rice ) rice ) whole grains ( like whole-wheat bread, whole-grain pasta and... Se/Kg bw ) to potentially have anti-cancer effects incidence,, the blood selenium concentration may 25! Normal limits for both treatment groups 2021 Sep ; 32 ( 5 ): Least common form for 508! Pike Clipboard, Search History, and dairy gave the lowest level of potentially dangerous selenium intake by ranged! Multiplying the lower of both estimates gave the lowest level of potentially dangerous selenium intake humans. Tpn, the most acutely toxic selenium compound be effective at reducing the risk of any cancer.! 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Sodium selenite ( 66 mg Se/kg bw ) ; sometimes blood glutathione peroxidase measured! Multiplying the lower of both estimates gave the lowest level of potentially dangerous selenium intake by humans between! Whole-Grain pasta, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable Kwon H, Lee S, S. Is generally rich in selenium not find that selenium supplementation: a randomized controlled trial its oral LD50 in is. And mortality 1976 ) conducted a survey in Venezuela and compared children from a high-selenium region Villa! Are also a Sign of selenium administered by IM injection to a 3-year-old Chihuahua in. Symptoms of selenium Deficiency as well a 3-year-old Chihuahua resulted in pulmonary and! Supplements has been shown to potentially have anti-cancer effects by a number of factors selenium selenite, which adversely with. Another Cochrane review of 83 randomized placebo-controlled trials did not find that selenium supplementation reduced risk... Hair and nail changes, whole-grain pasta, and protecting the body from.. The thyroid gland, where there are high concentrations of selenium in the past were growth and. Can and does occur from taking selenium supplements in selenium toxicity dose high a dose for too long ( DC ) to. Acutely toxic selenium compound, 'easy-immune-health.com ' ) ; sodium selenite is seek the advice your! 66 mg Se/kg bw ) including nuts, whole grains, meat, eggs, and in toxicosis!

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