Also, the educated and the ones belonging to the upper and middle class families, including traders, artisans, and businessmen left for India without much of a hassle. The Bengalis considered this as an insult to the fair name of their mother-land. By 1959, protests and hunger marches had become a common sight in West Bengals Calcutta. However, due to communal violence in East Pakistan, a number of Hindus were forced to exit Pakistan in 1950. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. If the hidden aim was to divide Hindus and Muslims, both decisions were important, partition created the rift ,annulment intensified the . The Sylhet referendum, which was held on July 7, 1947, decided in favor of joining the Dominion of Pakistan. 2. However, the Hindus of West Bengal protested against the decision since it made them minorities in the East and regarded the division as an act of strangling Bengals nationalism. The partition animated the Muslims to form their own national organization along communal lines. As of now, the largest province of the British Rule was divided into two provinces, East Bengal and West Bengal, new dynamics were not in the favor of Hindus. Image Credit :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWHUY1vt-Xg. fatima586015 fatima586015 08.12.2020 History Secondary School . Partition of Bengal (1905) and the Indigenous Movement MCQ. . Updates? From Dandakaranya to Marichjhapi: rehabilitation, representation and the partition of Bengal (1947). Almost all road and rail links that connected Northeast India to other parts of the nation passed through the now separated East Bengal. Roy, K. (2014). The separation also left in jeopardy the lives of jute mill workers. Apart from the impact faced by the West and East Bengal, Northeast India also faced a major impact caused by the partition of Bengal. It was Shyama Prasad Mukherjee who demanded that Hindu majority districts of Bengal remained in India. BENGAL. This partition left so many scars on both the lands both socially and economically though the social impacts being more lasting and greater than the economic. We took a flight to Cherokee and visited a town called Qualla Boundary surrounded by magnificent mountain scenery, the town painted a paradise before us. Partition of Bengal, 1947 latest major change in the political geography of Bengal. Contextual blog, systemic injustices showcase, and final projects. Despite the language barrier, w, Q.2 Write a prcisof the following passage and also suggest a suitable title: All the evil in this world is brought about by persons who are always up and doing, but do not know when they ought to be up and nor what they ought to be doing. In addition to India's partition, the provinces of Punjab and Bengal were divided, causing catastrophic riots and claiming the lives of Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs alike. On June 20, the members of the Bengal Legislative Assembly decided to cast three separate votes to decide the fate of Bengal. The eastern region was viewed as being poorly governed and unappreciated. Copyright 2015 PublishYourArticles.Net, All rights reserved. Thirdly, madaris- run by clerics for religious education. The cultivation of raw jute in East Bengal made no sense until the produce was taken to West Bengal, which had the mills. What is the demand? India Review,13(1), 78-86. doi:10.1080/14736489.2014.873681, Sengupta, D. (2011). These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. This had a major impact on traders as the lines connecting Assam to Chittagong were disconnected. CSS 2016 English Precis Solved Paper Q. which resulted in the division of Bengal into Eastern Bengal and Western Bengal. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Content Guidelines 2. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Apart from the migration that took place between East and West Bengal, a massive population transfer occurred in Punjab as well. The agitation against the partition was illustrative of the disadvantage "that may result from the subordination of Bengal to Calcutta." Lord Curzon, too, during his trip to East Bengal in February 1904, had remarked on the alleged role of Calcutta in manufacturing public opinion in the mofussil. One of the primary reasons for the migration was doubts over the safety of Hindus in Pakistan and the safety of Muslims in India. It led to strong opposition and Indians started a movement against the British Government. It disrupted the traditional links that tribal communities, such as the Khasis, Jantias and Garos, had with the East Pakistani districts of Sylhet and Mymensingh, leaving them split between India and Pakistan, based on their place of residence. The Impact of Annulment of Bengal: As the Muslims of the sub-continent were in the majority in the East Bengal, the reversal of partition plan was a disaster and disappointment for the Muslims. Curzon argued that Bengal could not be governed effectively due to its large size and had to be divided into East Bengal and West Bengal. But . You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. In order to avoid the situation and deterioration of the already prevailing situation, government took firm action by transferring the capital and annulment of the partition of Bengal. Citizens of Dhaka waiting along Islampur Road to welcome Sir Fuller, first Lieutenant Governor of the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam on October 16, 1905 (Photo: Fritz Kapp . Answer (1 of 20): The dicision to split Bengal came in July and by October 16, 1905, Bengal had been divided into Piston Bengal and Assam (with a population of 31 million) and the rest of Bengal (with a population of the 4 million of who 18 million were Bengalis, and 36 million Biharis and Oriyas. Since the tribes were suddenly outnumbered by the Bengalis, the situation threatened them socially, economically, and culturally, leading to widespread protests in Tripura and other parts of Northeast India. Hume created a party and named it as Congress in 1885 A.D. This resentment remained throughout the rest of the British period. It led to strong opposition and Indians started a movement against the British Government. Since the leather and paper industries of West Bengal depended on the raw materials produced in the east, the partition caused the decline of these industries. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. In fact, the Bengal migration process continued over the next 30 years after the partition in 1947. The manifesto was circulated to the different Muslim societies of both west and east Bengal and urged the Muslims to give their unqualified support to the partition measure. The partition of Bengal witnessed a prolonged and torturous migration of mostly Hindus from East Bengal and large-scale violence against women. (2012). Journal of the . Many years after partition, the two nations are still trying to heal the wounds left behind. Required fields are marked *. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. It is not the active virtues that it lacks but the passive ones: it is capable of anything but kindness and a little steady thought. In the majority province of East Bengal the Muslims would be free from Hindu dominance in economic field. The Partition of Bengal led to a mighty upsurge which brought people and political leaders together. By 1900 the province had grown too large to handle under a single administration. Briefly state how people reacted to the partition of Bengal? The Mohammedan literary society brought out a manifesto in 1905 signed by seven leading Muslim personalities. The partition of the Bengal province came into effect during his viceroyalty on 16 th October 1905. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The anti-British sentiments were raised again in the minds of the Muslims. The Partition of India was one of the most defining events in the history of the Indian subcontinent.With no accurate accounts of how many died or lost their homes, estimates suggest that perhaps up to 20 million people were affected by the partition and somewhere between 200,000 - 1 million lost their lives. Although the British colonists may not have managed to reap the benefits of the partition then, they managed to turn the local communities against one another leading to the formation of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). As expected by the Government of British, the partition was accepted by the Muslims and rejected by the Hindus. "At that time Bengal was the largest province of India with a population of eight crores. It was a successful effort of moderate leaders of the Indian National Congress(INC) to channelize people's anger into movement.Though, in these Extremists leaders of INC also participated and made their impression in the form of leaders of mass movement. If you have trouble accessing this page and need to request an alternate format, contact u@osu.edu. I was so happy when John called up, suggesting a trip to Cherokee, a county in the state of Oklahoma. This led to insurgency in Tripura, caused by ethnic tensions between the Bengalis and the local tribal people. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Bengal, which included Bihar and Orissa since 1765, was admittedly much too large for a single province of British India. The devil, I take it, is still the busiest creature in the universe, and I can quite imagine him denouncing laziness and becoming angry at the smallest waste of time. (ii) To set the Hindus and Muslims against each other. The second partition of Bengal took place at the time of the partition of India in 1947. Effects of Partition of Bengal: Boycott and the swadeshi movement were arisen due to this proposal of the partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon. However, West Bengal was soon able to increase the production of raw jute and Pakistan too came up with mills and factories in order to process its own jute produce. Lord Curzon was the Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905. The partition of Bengal led a mass agitation in Bengal and other parts of India. They find an implicit mention in the story 'Pali' by BhishamSahni. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Finally, the paper will emphasize the impact of the 1947 partition by discussing The burned foreign clothes, women refused to wear foreign bangles, washmen refused to wash foreign clothes etc. Many factories were shut down due to the loss of workers and stability in the market conditions. Contents: Introduction Background Reasons for Partition Political Crises Anti Partition Movement Spread of the Movement Reaction of the British government Reunification and Aftermath Significance of the Movement Strength to the National Movement. But the political argument was stated most . 6. The face of the Congress was to protect the rights of the people of sub-continent including Muslims. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The partition led to the death of many local people as the British officials took on protesters. People were walking on the streets of Calcutta and shouting Bande Mataram. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The day partition took effect 16 October 1905 was declared a day of mourning throughout Bengal. The Partition of Bengal was the masterpiece of Curzon's internal policy. The western part with predominantly Hindu population became a part of India (West Bengal), while the predominantly Muslim eastern part (East Bengal) became a part of Pakistan. If ,for example, in July 1914, when there was some capital idling weather, everybody-- emperors, kings, arch. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Answer need for partition / unofficail reason -curb the uprising of the rising power of bengal -muslim would welcome this action -divide the unity of muslim and hindu oficial reason -it was to big province ( consited of bihar, orisa and bengal)mention population with area of bengal -it was administratively starved ( it had less police It attracted a vast mass of the Indian population, regardless of class or caste distinction, into the mainstream . Though India and Pakistan initially agreed to allow the import and export of jute, Pakistan later came up with restrictions to export raw jute to India. The world, we all freely admit, is in a muddle, but I for one do not think that it is laziness that has brought it to such a pass. What was the impact of partition of Bengal on people? Review of Parasite (Movie) Xixiang Weng (weng.156), History of the British Takeover of Nigeria, Power, Racism, and Injustice in Adichies Americanah. Bengali Muslim Separatism; The Bengali Muslims, having benefitted from the partition, were angry and disappointed when the partition was annulled. Both the Indian and Pakistan governments have tried to stop the influx of refugees across the borders of the two countries. Question 2: What was Lord Curzon's argument in favour of the partition of Bengal. The Partition of Bengal in 1947, part of the Partition of India, divided the British Indian province of Bengal based on the Radcliffe Line between the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan. Al-Masum, A. Now, the gap between Muslims and British government was widening day by day. The idea of partitioning Bengal did not originate with Curzon. In 1911, the year that the capital was shifted from Calcutta (now Kolkata) to Delhi, east and west Bengal were reunited; Assam again became a chief commissionership, while Bihar and Orissa were separated to form a new province. Since they chose to support West Pakistan during the liberation war of Bangladesh, they were denied citizenship in independent Bangladesh when East Bengal finally managed to free itself from Pakistan. Question 7: What was the main impact of the partition of Bengal on the national movement? The partition led to the growth of revolutionaries and the agitation in Bengal against lie British Government spread throughout the country. . The partition animated the Hindus and led the Muslims to form their own national organisation on communal lines. hghfghd Almost all road and rail links that connected Northeast India to other parts of the nation passed through the now separated East Bengal. Partition of Bengal Conclusion Both decisions were fatal for the British, partition didn't achieve administrative efficiency, reversal created hostility with Muslims, relations with Hindus not normalized. So, Lord Curzon in 1903 first gave the proposal for the Partition of Bengal.In 1904, the government gave the official statement regarding the Partition of Bengal.. Lord Curzon himself went for the inspection of the Bengal in 1904 and decided the partition boundary there. On this day the people fasted and the leaders called this day as a day of national mourning. It was divided as a test case. Indians were told that the partition of Bengal was due to the huge population which was . PublishYourArticles.net - Publish Your Articles Now, Copyright infringement takedown notification template. The Muslims welcomed the Partition of Bengal for the following reasons: 1. The Hindus of west Bengal, who controlled most of Bengals commerce and professional and rural life, complained that the Bengali nation would be split in two, making them a minority in a province including the whole of Bihar and Orissa. So, partition of Bengal was held under the auspicious of Lord Curzon, British viceroy of India in 1905. Against the Partition of Bengal, Extremists organised the Swadeshi Movement and the Boycott of British goods. It has been reposted from The Quint's archives to mark the anniversary of the first partition of Bengal in 1905.) The Partition of Bengal in 1947, part of the Partition of India, divided the British Indian province of Bengal between India and Pakistan.Predominantly Hindu West Bengal became a province of India, and predominantly Muslim East Bengal (now Bangladesh) became a province of Pakistan.. . Image Credit : http://dhakadailyphoto.blogspot.com/2006/11/partition-of-bengal-1905-and-its.html. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. They breathed a sigh of relief after the partition of Bengal. This effort led to the partition of Bengal in 1905. Privacy Policy3. Though West Bengal managed to save its jute industry, the states leather and paper industries suffered massively, which ultimately resulted in the decline of these industries. Contents 1 Background 2 Partition 3 Political crisis 4 Re-unification 5 Aftermath 6 Significance 7 See also 8 Notes The Partition Of Bengal: Challenges Faced By Women And Migrants. 5TH Semester Aayush Kumar SKG192E0077 Delhi in History, HS409 Discuss the impact of partition of India on Delhi In order to get a better understanding of the impact of partition on Delhi, one should look at how partition happened and what was the cause for it. Impact of the Partition of Bengal: The Hindus and the Muslims united themselves against the policy of 'Divide and Rule' of the British. It took place on 22nd June 1911 A.D. As the Muslims of the sub-continent were in the majority in the East Bengal, the reversal of partition plan was a disaster and disappointment for the Muslims. Even today, the Bengal partition is subjected to various debates. Swadeshi movement riots protested against it. British Government had felt annoyed by it. Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement. In fact, Pakistan went on to make the act of exporting raw jute to India a national crime, which led to a major industry crisis in West Bengal. As in united province, Hindus were in majority while after the partition, Muslims got majority in East Bengal and in West Bengal, Hindus majority prevailed. However, the poor populations in the two divides were unable to migrate and decided to stay in their original locations (Roy, 2014). PublishYourArticles.net is home of thousands of articles published by users like YOU. Partition was promoted for administrative regions; Bengal was as large as France but with a significantly larger population. Bangal was the most populous province in sub-continent under the rule Britain. The population exchange in Bengal happened in a more gradual fashion. Proved to be a momentous event in the history of modern Bengal. The Anti-Partition Movement brought about a qualitative change in the Indian National Movement. It stands out as a sensitive piece portraying partition of Bengal, (1905), division of Bengal carried out by the British viceroy in India, Lord Curzon, despite strong Indian nationalist opposition. It means one system of education for all i.e., in terms of curriculum, medium of instructions and procedure of assessment of students. INTRODUCTION The decision to effect the Partition of Bengal was announced in July 1905 by the Viceroy of . At the time, Hindus were quiet aggressive towards the Muslims and the partition was not acceptable in any situation. Answer: Curzon's motive behind partitioning Bengal were: (i) Curb the radical Bengali nationalists and thus to weaken the nationalist movement. Structure of Bengal. Curzon chose one of several schemes for partition: to unite Assam, which had been a part of the province until 1874, with 15 districts of east Bengal and thus form a new province with a population of 31 million. It does not store any personal data. The sentiments of the people of Bengal were hurt. The subsequent Boundary Commission, which was headed by Sir Cyril Radcliffe, decided the territorial demarcations of the two newly created provinces. Since the partition had left a considerable number of Hindu minorities in East Bengal and a similar number of Muslims in West Bengal, conflicting views regarding the partition arose, which, in turn, led to many protests and agitations. The significant impact of the partition had the subsequent socio-political history of Bengal and India. Social Semiotics,21(1), 101-123. doi:10.1080/10350330.2011.535673, Your email address will not be published. I agreed and went off with the preparation immediately. By 1950, India had no other option but to build a 229 kilometer meter-gauge railway to reconnect Assam to the rest of India. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. However, during the partition, the Barak Valley of Sylhet remained in India, while the rest of Sylhet joined Pakistan. Muslims were in favor of this partition relieving them from lower condition under the Hindu hegemony. In accordance with the Mountbatten Plan, a referendum was to be held in Sylhet in order to decide whether Sylhet wanted to remain in India as part of Assam or whether it wanted to join East Bengal to become a part of Pakistan. Education System in Pakistan: Currently, the future of Pakistan is the hands of three basic elements of education system: Firstly, public or government schools- the institutions run by government. In his kingdom, I will bet, nobody is allowed to do nothing, not even for a single afternoon. (ii) To set the Hindus and Muslims against each other. Secondly, private institutions- run by private owners or landlords. While in 1947 Hindus supported the partition of Bengal, Muslims wanted whole of Bengal to come Pakistan. This article talks about the Partition of Bengal, 1905 and the causes, effects and outcomes of the partition. It was a cuisine that developed over two-and-a-half centuries, thriving on sustained patronage much after Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last emperor of Hindustan, was exiled. People fasted, walked barefoot to the Ganges singing patriotic songs. The Hindu-majority West Bengal became a state of India, and the Muslim-majority East Bengal (now Bangladesh) became a province of Pakistan . The size of the state was mentioned as the reason of partition but the real motive behind the partition was the British policy of dividing Hindus and Muslims (East Bengal had a majority of Muslims, while West Bengal had a majority of Hindu population). Agitation against the partition included mass meetings, rural unrest, and a swadeshi (native) movement to boycott the import of British goods. Comparative Studies 1100: Introduction to the Humanities, Spring 2020. East Bengal, because of isolation and poor communications, had been neglected in favour of west Bengal and Bihar. 7. Bengal was a very big province to govern. The idea of partitioning Bengal did not originate with Curzon. The Partition of Bengal in 1905, was made on October 16, by then Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon. This led to deindustrialization in West Bengal, which fell behind other Indian states in terms of industrial development. Question 1: What were Curzon's two real motives behind the partition of Bengal. Told that the partition of Bengal took place at the time, Hindus quiet... Refer to the Humanities, Spring 2020, Lord Curzon and need to request an alternate format contact. Government was widening day by day on 16 th October 1905 was a... 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Contact u @ osu.edu to improve impact of partition of bengal article ( requires login ) economic field forced! Institutions- run by clerics for religious education Orissa since 1765, was made October..., medium of instructions and procedure of assessment of students forced to exit in. Market conditions with a population of eight crores became a province of India in 1905 poor communications had... Partition had the mills to handle under a single afternoon history of Bengal!, madaris- run by private owners or landlords the streets of Calcutta and shouting Bande Mataram single afternoon Curzon the... Contact u @ osu.edu and hunger marches had become a common sight in West Bengal, because isolation. To opt-out of these cookies free from Hindu dominance in economic field Bengal the. In a more gradual fashion two real motives behind the partition of?. 1765, was admittedly much too large for a single afternoon to come Pakistan Bengal., your email address will not be published madaris- run by private owners or landlords decision to effect the animated... Question 1: What were Curzon & # x27 ; s internal policy insult to the rest India. Were angry and disappointed when the partition of Bengal took place between East West! Migration of mostly Hindus from East Bengal and large-scale violence against women of partitioning Bengal not! On people widening day by day understand how you use this website uses cookies to improve this talks... Agitation in Bengal and Western Bengal was so happy when John called,! And named it as Congress in 1885 A.D, during the partition of India, the! Were quiet aggressive towards the Muslims and British Government other Indian states in of! 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